From morphology to single-cell molecules: high-resolution 3D histology in biomedicine.

🤖 Plain-English Summary

High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) tissue analysis has emerged as a transformative innovation in the life sciences, providing detailed insights into the spatial organization and molecular composition of biological tissues. Despite the remarkable progress made in recent years, the field still faces significant challenges, including high barriers to entry, issues with data robustness, ambiguous best practices for experimental design, and a lack of standardization across methodologies.

🔑 Key Findings

• This review begins by tracing the historical milestones that have shaped the development of high-resolution 3D histology, highlighting key breakthroughs that have facilitated the advancement of current technologies.
• We then systematically categorize the various families of high-resolution 3D histology techniques, discussing their core principles, capabilities, and inherent limitations.
• These 3D histology techniques include microscopy imaging, tomographic approaches, single-cell and spatial omics, computational methods and 3D tissue reconstruction (e.g.

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