Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) porous structures: from multi-scale design, precise additive manufacturing to multidisciplinary applications

Abstract Inspired by natural porous architectures, numerous attempts have been made to generate porous structures. Additionally, actual multidisciplinary applications are presented to clarify the advantages and further potential of TPMS porous structures.

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• 1 Owing to the smooth surfaces, highly interconnected porous architectures, and mathematical controllable geometry features, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is emerging as an outstanding solution to constructing porous structures in recent years.
• 2 However, many advantages of TPMS are not fully utilized in current research.
• 3 Critical problems of the process from design, manufacturing to applications need further systematic and integrated discussions.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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