Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major threat to human health around the world. There are serious data gaps in many low-income settings, emphasising the need to expand microbiology laboratory capacity and data collection systems to improve our understanding of this important human health threat.

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• 1 Previous publications have estimated the effect of AMR on incidence, deaths, hospital length of stay, and health-care costs for specific pathogen-drug combinations in select locations.
• 2 To our knowledge, this study presents the most comprehensive estimates of AMR burden to date.
• 3 METHODS: We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 23 pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations in 204 countries and territories in 2019.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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