Strong Quantum Computational Advantage Using a Superconducting Quantum Processor

Scaling up to a large number of qubits with high-precision control is essential in the demonstrations of quantum computational advantage to exponentially outpace the classical hardware and algorithmic improvements. Our work establishes an unambiguous quantum computational advantage that is infeasible for classical computation in a reasonable amount of time.

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• 1 Here, we develop a two-dimensional programmable superconducting quantum processor, Zuchongzhi, which is composed of 66 functional qubits in a tunable coupling architecture.
• 2 To characterize the performance of the whole system, we perform random quantum circuits sampling for benchmarking, up to a system size of 56 qubits and 20 cycles.
• 3 The computational cost of the classical simulation of this task is estimated to be 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the previous work on 53-qubit Sycamore processor [Nature 574, 505 (2019)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-019-1666-5.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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