RETRACTED: Sources, effects and present perspectives of heavy metals contamination: Soil, plants and human food chain

Heavy metal (HM) poisoning of agricultural soils poses a serious risk to plant life, human health, and global food supply. Lastly, we identified certain research gaps and suggested further study.

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• 1 When HM levels in agricultural soils get to dangerous levels, it harms crop health and yield.
• 2 Chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are the main heavy metals.
• 3 The environment contains these metals in varying degrees, such as in soil, food, water, and even the air.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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