Raman spectroscopy of carbon materials and their composites: Graphene, nanotubes and fibres

Raman spectroscopy is now an extremely important technique for the analysis of carbon-based materials. Finally the application of Raman spectroscopy to the characterisation of the structure and physical properties, both mechanical and thermal, of bulk carbon-based composites is described in detail.

⚡ This is an original paraphrased summary — not copied from the abstract. Full paper available at the source link below.

• 1 It is demonstrated how it can be used to give a unique insight into characterising many aspects of the microstructure of these materials, including orientation, number of layers, defects and doping, enabling standardisation and quality control.
• 2 Graphene, as the building block of all sp2 carbon materials is used as the main example and it is demonstrated how the understanding of this material has facilitated the analysis of carbon nanotubes and fibres.
• 3 It is also shown that the Raman bands shift during deformation and that these shifts are related through a universal calibration.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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