Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor

Abstract A quantum computer attains computational advantage when outperforming the best classical computers running the best-known algorithms on well-defined tasks. Ours constitutes a very large GBS experiment, registering events with up to 219 photons and a mean photon number of 125.

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• 1 No photonic machine offering programmability over all its quantum gates has demonstrated quantum computational advantage: previous machines 1,2 were largely restricted to static gate sequences.
• 2 Earlier photonic demonstrations were also vulnerable to spoofing 3 , in which classical heuristics produce samples, without direct simulation, lying closer to the ideal distribution than do samples from the quantum hardware.
• 3 Here we report quantum computational advantage using Borealis, a photonic processor offering dynamic programmability on all gates implemented.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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