Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays

Abstract Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing 1 , requiring quantum error correction (QEC) 2–6 for large-scale processing. We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical-qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling 21,22 .

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• 1 However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected ‘logical’ qubits, in which information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy 2–4 , poses substantial challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing.
• 2 Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits.
• 3 Using logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral-atom arrays 7 , our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities 8 , arbitrary connectivity 7,9 , as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout 10–15 .

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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