Energy storage systems: a review

The world is rapidly adopting renewable energy alternatives at a remarkable rate to address the ever-increasing environmental crisis of CO2 emissions. Several researchers from around the world have made substantial contributions over the last century to developing novel methods of energy storage that are efficient enough to meet increasing energy demand and technological breakthroughs.

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• 1 Renewable energy system offers enormous potential to decarbonize the environment because they produce no greenhouse gases or other polluting emissions.
• 2 However, the RES relies on natural resources for energy generation, such as sunlight, wind, water, geothermal, which are generally unpredictable and reliant on weather, season, and year.
• 3 To account for these intermittencies, renewable energy can be stored using various techniques and then used in a consistent and controlled manner as needed.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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