Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most widely used nanoparticulate materials due to their antimicrobial properties, but their main mechanism of action (MOA) has not been fully elucidated. Electrostatic forces, production of Zn 2+ ions and the generation of reactive oxygen species were described as possible pathways of the bactericidal action of ZnO.

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• 1 This study characterized ZnO NPs by using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
• 2 Antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs against the clinically relevant bacteria Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and the Gram-positive model Bacillus subtilis was evaluated by performing resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) after exposure to the ZnO NPs at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.4 mM.
• 3 Sensitivity was observed at 0.6 mM for the Gram-negative and 1.0 mM for the Gram-positive cells.

This work deepens our understanding of the fundamental laws governing the universe, from subatomic particles to cosmic structures.

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