Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT4, are making new waves in the field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, due to their emergent ability and generalizability. Our roadmap consists of three general frameworks, namely, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1) KG-enhanced LLMs,</i> which incorporate KGs during the pre-training and inference phases of LLMs, or for the purpose of enhancing understan...

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• 1 However, LLMs are black-box models, which often fall short of capturing and accessing factual knowledge.
• 2 In contrast, Knowledge Graphs (KGs), Wikipedia and Huapu for example, are structured knowledge models that explicitly store rich factual knowledge.
• 3 KGs can enhance LLMs by providing external knowledge for inference and interpretability.

This research advances how AI systems learn, reason, and solve problems — with direct implications for automation and scientific discovery.

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