The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

Abstract The 15 yr pulsar timing data set collected by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) shows positive evidence for the presence of a low-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) background. We find no evidence for either of these signals and thus report updated constraints on these models.

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• 1 In this paper, we investigate potential cosmological interpretations of this signal, specifically cosmic inflation, scalar-induced GWs, first-order phase transitions, cosmic strings, and domain walls.
• 2 We find that, with the exception of stable cosmic strings of field theory origin, all these models can reproduce the observed signal.
• 3 When compared to the standard interpretation in terms of inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), many cosmological models seem to provide a better fit resulting in Bayes factors in the range from 10 to 100.

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