The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates

BACKGROUND: According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling conditions worldwide. These variations render uncertain both the increase in migraine prevalence estimates over time, and the geographical differences.

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• 1 GBD builds on epidemiological studies (published and unpublished) which are notable for wide variations in both their methodologies and their prevalence estimates.
• 2 Our first aim was to update the documentation of headache epidemiological studies, summarizing global prevalence estimates for all headache, migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and headache on ≥15 days/month (H15+), comparing these with GBD estimates and exploring time trends and geographical variations.
• 3 Our second aim was to analyse how methodological factors influenced prevalence estimates.

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