ProtTrans: Toward Understanding the Language of Life Through Self-Supervised Learning

Computational biology and bioinformatics provide vast data gold-mines from protein sequences, ideal for Language Models (LMs) taken from Natural Language Processing (NLP). Taken together, the results implied that pLMs learned some of the grammar of the language of life.

⚡ This is an original paraphrased summary — not copied from the abstract. Full paper available at the source link below.

• 1 These LMs reach for new prediction frontiers at low inference costs.
• 2 Here, we trained two auto-regressive models (Transformer-XL, XLNet) and four auto-encoder models (BERT, Albert, Electra, T5) on data from UniRef and BFD containing up to 393 billion amino acids.
• 3 The protein LMs (pLMs) were trained on the Summit supercomputer using 5616 GPUs and TPU Pod up-to 1024 cores.

This research advances how AI systems learn, reason, and solve problems — with direct implications for automation and scientific discovery.

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