Multi-omics approaches in psychoneuroimmunology and health research: Conceptual considerations and methodological recommendations.

The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has grown substantially in both relevance and prominence over the past 40 years. PNI researchers are addressing some of the most interesting and important questions at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and immunology.

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• 1 Notwithstanding its impressive trajectory, a majority of PNI studies are still based on a relatively small number of analytes.
• 2 To advance this work, we suggest that PNI, and health research in general, can benefit greatly from adopting a multi-omics approach, which involves integrating data across multiple biological levels (e.g., the genome, proteome, transcriptome, metabolome, lipidome, and microbiome/metagenome) to more comprehensively profile biological functions and relate these profiles to clinical and behavioral outcomes.
• 3 To assist investigators in this endeavor, we provide an overview of multi-omics research, highlight recent landmark multi-omics studies investigating human health and disease risk, and discuss how multi-omics can be applied to better elucidate links between psychological, nervous system, and immune system activity.

Understanding this could lead to better treatments, improved diagnostics, or a deeper grasp of how the human body works — benefiting patient care globally.

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