Medical image segmentation using deep learning: A survey

Abstract Deep learning has been widely used for medical image segmentation and a large number of papers has been presented recording the success of deep learning in the field. For weakly supervised learning approaches, we investigate literature according to data augmentation, transfer learning, and interactive segmentation, separately.

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• 1 A comprehensive thematic survey on medical image segmentation using deep learning techniques is presented.
• 2 This paper makes two original contributions.
• 3 Firstly, compared to traditional surveys that directly divide literatures of deep learning on medical image segmentation into many groups and introduce literatures in detail for each group, we classify currently popular literatures according to a multi‐level structure from coarse to fine.

This research advances how AI systems learn, reason, and solve problems — with direct implications for automation and scientific discovery.

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