Generative AI and ChatGPT: Applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration

Artificial intelligence (AI) has elicited much attention across disciplines and industries (Hyder and colleagues, Citation2019). In recent years, AI has made a comeback with the introduction of AlphaGo in 2015 and ChatGPT in 2022.

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• 1 AI has been defined as “a system’s ability to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation” (Kaplan & Haenlein, Citation2019, p.
• 2 AI has gone through several development stages and AI winters.
• 3 In the first two decades (i.e., 1950s and 1960s), AI demonstrated success which included programs such as General Problem Solver (Newell and colleagues, Citation1959) and ELIZA (Weizenbaum, Citation1966).

This research advances how AI systems learn, reason, and solve problems — with direct implications for automation and scientific discovery.

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