Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review

Abstract Energy derived from fossil fuels contributes significantly to global climate change, accounting for more than 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions and approximately 90% of all carbon dioxide emissions. Renewable energy sources could decarbonize 90% of the electricity industry by 2050, drastically reducing carbon emissions, and contributing to climate change mitigation.

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• 1 Alternative energy from renewable sources must be utilized to decarbonize the energy sector.
• 2 However, the adverse effects of climate change, such as increasing temperatures, extreme winds, rising sea levels, and decreased precipitation, may impact renewable energies.
• 3 Here we review renewable energies with a focus on costs, the impact of climate on renewable energies, the impact of renewable energies on the environment, economy, and on decarbonization in different countries.

These innovations can translate to real-world improvements in technology, infrastructure, and everyday tools.

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