Comparative performance analysis of K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm and its different variants for disease prediction

Disease risk prediction is a rising challenge in the medical domain. Finally, this paper summarises which KNN variant is the most promising candidate to follow under the consideration of three performance measures (accuracy, precision and recall) for disease prediction.

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• 1 Researchers have widely used machine learning algorithms to solve this challenge.
• 2 The k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm is the most frequently used among the wide range of machine learning algorithms.
• 3 This paper presents a study on different KNN variants (Classic one, Adaptive, Locally adaptive, k-means clustering, Fuzzy, Mutual, Ensemble, Hassanat and Generalised mean distance) and their performance comparison for disease prediction.

This research advances how AI systems learn, reason, and solve problems — with direct implications for automation and scientific discovery.

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